Energy storage systems critically assist in the implementation of renewable energy sources. However, greenhouse gas emissions associated with the energy storage methods have received insufficient attention, especially for arid climate implementation. This paper considers three energy storage techniques that can be suitable for hot arid climates nam. ••A comparative life cycle assessment is conducted for three energy storage systems.••The VRF-B system has the highest global warming impact (GWP) of 0.121 kg CO2 eq.••Using renewable energy sources (PV) reduces the systems' environmental impacts.••The systems production stage accounts for the highest share of carbon footprint.EmissionsEnvironmentImpact assessmentRenewable energyRenewable energy sources are sporadic and have challenges in providing stable electricity to our communities. Although they are intermittent, this intermittency can be overcome by using proper energy storage methods to enable a more regular electricity supply. To synchronize energy production and utilization, the implementation of energy storage systems (ESS) is necessary. ESSs vary in numerous aspects, such as environmental impact, efficiency, and cost. Such parameters shall be evaluated comprehensively for all storage systems to reach a decision in terms of feasibility. Among several criteria, environmental concerns are critical, especially considering the intensive climate change consequences faced worldwide. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a decent* technique for assessing the environmental impacts, weighing the benefits against their drawbacks, and assisting the decision-makers in implementing the most suitable storage technique (Alqub, 2017). A LCA study provides information to assist in looking for possible solutions to environmental concerns related to product life cycles. It was first implemented to compare alternatives of defined end products, e.g., milk packaging forms. However, it has been incorporated into higher strategic levels, covering policy making and decisions at a corporate level (Goedkoop, 2013). The practitioner selects a life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) technique and other essential means in life cycle assessment software during LCA analysis. LCIA is the life cycle assess. LCA is a tool based on a systematic examination of activities or products' environmental effects, revealing environmental dimensions of sustainability. It consists of four main phases: Goal and scope definition, life cycle inventory, impact assessment, and interpretation, following the ISO 14044:2006 standards (Goedkoop, 2013). The goal and scope p.
